Publications

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2026

Lee, Donghyeon; Jiang, Xiao; Stayman, J. Webster; Gang, Grace

Theoretical prediction of bias in model-based material decomposition Proceedings Article

In: SPIE Medical Imaging, 2026.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Analysis, Photon Counting, Spectral X-ray/CT

Lee, Donghyeon; Jiang, Xiao; Stayman, J. Webster; Gang, Grace

Quantitative enhancement of spectral imaging in photon-counting CT via dynamic energy thresholding Proceedings Article

In: SPIE Medical Imaging, 2026.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Analysis, Photon Counting, Spectral X-ray/CT, System Design

Naidu, Surya; Jiang, Xiao; Tai, W. Yang; Wei, Jia; Stayman, J. Webster; Zbijewski, Wojciech; Zhan, Xiaohui; Taguchi, Katsuyuki

Projection-domain material decomposition for PCD CT with pixel-to-pixel variations Proceedings Article

In: SPIE Medical Imaging, 2026.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Artifact Correction, Photon Counting, Spectral X-ray/CT

Gu, Eric; Wei, Jia; Naidu, Surya; Jiang, Xiao; Tai, W. Yang; Stayman, J. Webster; Zbijewski, Wojciech; Zhan, Xiaohui; Taguchi, Katsuyuki

Image-domain material decomposition for PCD CT with pixel-to-pixel variations Proceedings Article

In: SPIE Medical Imaging, 2026.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Artifact Correction, Photon Counting, Spectral X-ray/CT

Fan, Yue; Wang, Xin; Liu, Zimo; Gang, Grace; Stayman, J. Webster

One-Step Material Decomposition using Spectral Diffusion Posterior Sampling in Sparse-View Dual-Layer CT Proceedings Article

In: SPIE Medical Imaging, 2026.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Machine Learning/Deep Learning, MBIR, Spectral X-ray/CT

Jiang, Xiao; Fan, Yue; Lorenzon, Altea; Gang, Grace; Stayman, J. Webster

Joint Estimation of Scatter and Material Maps in Volumetric Dual-Layer Cone-Beam CT Proceedings Article

In: SPIE Medical Imaging, 2026.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Artifact Correction, Machine Learning/Deep Learning, MBIR, Scatter Estimation, Spectral X-ray/CT

2025

Liao, Suyu; Zhang, Xiaoxuan; Jiang, Xiao; Tivnan, Matt; Stayman, J. Webster; Gang, Grace

Joint Temporal and Spectral Processing for Improved Digital Subtraction Angiography using Photon-Counting Detectors Journal Article

In: IEEE Trans. Biomedical Engineering, vol. 72, no. 12, pp. 3501-3514, 2025.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: MBIR, Photon Counting, Spectral X-ray/CT

Lee, Donghyeon; Jiang, Xiao; Stayman, J. Webster; Gang, Grace

Theoretical Bias Prediction in Model-based Material Decomposition Presentation

NSS-MIC-RTSD 2025, 01.11.2025.

BibTeX | Tags: Analysis, Spectral X-ray/CT

Jiang, Xiao; Gang, Grace; Stayman, J. Webster

Simultaneous Material Decomposition and Detector Calibration in Photon-Counting CT Presentation

NSS-MIC-RTSD 2025, 01.11.2025.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Artifact Correction, High-Fidelity Modeling, Machine Learning/Deep Learning, MBIR, Spectral X-ray/CT

Jiang, Xiao; Gang, Grace; Stayman, J. Webster

Volumetric Material Decomposition Using Spectral Diffusion Posterior Sampling with a Compressed Polychromatic Forward Model Proceedings Article

In: International Meeting on Fully 3D Image Reconstruction in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 2025.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: CBCT, Machine Learning/Deep Learning, MBIR, Spectral X-ray/CT

2024

Lorenzon, Altea; Liu, Stephen; Jiang, Xiao; Gang, Grace; Stayman, J. Webster

Joint Material Decomposition and Scatter Estimation for Spectral CT Proceedings Article

In: International Conference on Image Formation in X-Ray Computed Tomography, pp. 186-189, 2024.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: MBIR, Scatter Estimation, Spectral X-ray/CT

Jiang, Xiao; Gang, Grace; Stayman, J. Webster

CT Material Decomposition using Spectral Diffusion Posterior Sampling Proceedings Article

In: 8th International Conference on Image Formation in X-Ray Computed Tomography, pp. 324-327, 2024.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Machine Learning/Deep Learning, Spectral X-ray/CT

Sandvold, Olivia; Proksa, Roland; Daerr, Heiner; Perkins, Amy; Brown, Kevin M; Shapira, Nadav; Köhler, Thomas; Stayman, J. Webster; Gang, Grace; Manjeshwar, Ravindra; Noël, Peter

Hybrid spectral CT system with clinical rapid kVp-switching X-ray tube and dual-layer detector for improved iodine quantification Proceedings Article

In: Proc SPIE Medical Imaging, pp. 129251K, 2024.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Spectral X-ray/CT, System Assessment, System Design

Jiang, Xiao; Tivnan, Matt; Zhang, Xiaoxuan; Gang, Grace; Stayman, J. Webster

Design optimization of a triple-layer flat-panel detector for three material decomposition Proceedings Article

In: Proc SPIE Medical Imaging, pp. 129250U , 2024.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Spectral X-ray/CT, System Design

2023

Zhang, Xiaoxuan; Stayman, J. Webster; Gang, Grace

Joint Temporal and Multi-energy Processing for Photon-Counting Fluoroscopy Presentation

NSS-MIC-RTSD 2023, 04.11.2023.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Spectral X-ray/CT

Tivnan, Matt; Gang, Grace; Stayman, J. Webster

Simulations of Immuno-Contrast CT to Optimize Spectral Instrumentation and Nanoparticle Contrast Agent Materials Proceedings Article

In: Proceedings of the 17th International Meeting on Fully 3D Image Reconstruction in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, pp. 486-489, 2023.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Spectral X-ray/CT, System Design

Zhang, Xiaoxuan; Jiang, Xiao; Tivnan, Matt; Stayman, J. Webster; Gang, Grace

A Joint Processing Strategy for Image Quality Improvement in 3D Digital Subtraction Angiography Proceedings Article

In: Proceedings of the 17th International Meeting on Fully 3D Image Reconstruction in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, pp. 41-44, 2023.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: MBIR, Spectral X-ray/CT

Jiang, Xiao; Zhang, Xiaoxuan; Stayman, J. Webster; Gang, Grace

Multi-material Decomposition with Triple Layer Flat-Panel Detector CBCT using Model-based and Deep Learning Approaches Honorable Mention Proceedings Article

In: Proceedings of the 17th International Meeting on Fully 3D Image Reconstruction in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 2023, (Poster Award).

Links | BibTeX | Tags: -Awards-, Machine Learning/Deep Learning, MBIR, Spectral X-ray/CT

Jiang, Xiao; Stayman, J. Webster; Gang, Grace

Approaches for three material decomposition using a triple-layer flat-panel detector Proceedings Article

In: Proc SPIE Medical Imaging, pp. 182-187, SPIE, 2023.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Machine Learning/Deep Learning, Spectral X-ray/CT

Liu, Stephen; Zhou, Huanyi; Osgood, Greg M.; Demehri, Shadpour; Stayman, J. Webster; Zbijewski, Wojciech

Quantitative dual-energy imaging of bone marrow edema using multi-source cone-beam CT with model-based decomposition Proceedings Article

In: Proc SPIE Medical Imaging, pp. 228-234, SPIE, 2023.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Extremities, MBIR, Spectral X-ray/CT

Gang, Grace; Stayman, J. Webster

Three-material decomposition using a dual-layer flat panel detector in the presence of soft tissue motion Proceedings Article

In: Proc SPIE Medical Imaging, pp. 188-193, SPIE, 2023.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Motion Compensation, Spectral X-ray/CT

2022

Liu, Stephen; Tivnan, Matt; Osgood, Greg M.; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H.; Stayman, J. Webster; Zbijewski, Wojciech

Model-based three-material decomposition in dual-energy CT using the volume conservation constraint Journal Article

In: Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol. 67, iss. 14, pp. 145006, 2022.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: MBIR, Spectral X-ray/CT

Tivnan, Matt; Wang, Wenying; Gang, Grace; Stayman, J. Webster

Design Optimization of Spatial-Spectral Filters for Cone-Beam CT Material Decomposition Journal Article

In: IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 41, iss. 9, pp. 2399-2413, 2022.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: MBIR, Spectral X-ray/CT, System Design

Tivnan, Matt; Gang, Grace; Zhang, Ruoqiao; Noël, Peter; Sulam, Jeremias; Stayman, J. Webster

Tunable neural networks for multi-material image formation from spectral CT measurements Proceedings Article

In: 7th International Conference on Image Formation in X-Ray Computed Tomography, SPIE, 2022.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Machine Learning/Deep Learning, Spectral X-ray/CT

2021

Tivnan, Matt; Wang, Wenying; Stayman, J. Webster

A prototype spatial–spectral CT system for material decomposition with energy‐integrating detectors Journal Article

In: Medical Physics, vol. 48, iss. 10, pp. 6401-6411, 2021.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Sparse Sampling, Spectral X-ray/CT, System Assessment, System Design

Wang, Wenying; Ma, Yiqun; Tivnan, Matt; Li, Junyuan; Gang, Grace; Zbijewski, Wojciech; Lu, Minghui; Zhang, Jin; Star-Lack, Josh; Colbeth, Richard; Stayman, J. Webster

High-resolution Model-based Material Decomposition in Dual-layer Flat-panel CBCT Journal Article

In: Medical Physics, vol. 48, iss. 10, pp. 6375-6387, 2021.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: High-Fidelity Modeling, High-Resolution CT, MBIR, Spectral X-ray/CT

Tivnan, Matt; Gang, Grace; Cao, Wenchao; Shapira, Nadav; Noël, Peter; Stayman, J. Webster

High Sensitivity Iodine Imaging by Combining Spectral CT Technologies Best Paper Proceedings Article

In: 16th International Meeting on Fully 3D Image Reconstruction in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 2021, (Best Oral Presentation Award ).

Links | BibTeX | Tags: -Awards-, Analysis, MBIR, Spectral X-ray/CT, System Design

Stayman, J. Webster; Tivnan, Matt; Wang, Wenying; Shapira, Nadav; Gang, Grace; Noël, Peter

Spectral CT using a fine grid structure and varying x‐ray incidence angle Journal Article

In: Medical Physics, 2021.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Customized Acquisition, Spectral X-ray/CT

Liu, Stephen; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H.; Stayman, J. Webster; Zbijewski, Wojciech

Quantitative dual-energy imaging in the presence of metal implants using locally constrained model-based decomposition Proceedings Article

In: SPIE Medical Imaging, pp. 115951C, International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2021.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: MBIR, Metal Artifacts, Spectral X-ray/CT

Zhao, Chumin; Liu, Stephen; Wang, Wenying; Herbst, Magdalena; Weber, Thomas; Vogt, Sebastian; Ritschl, Ludwig; Kappler, Steffen; Stayman, J. Webster; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H.; Zbijewski, Wojciech

Effects of x-ray scatter in quantitative dual-energy imaging using dual-layer flat panel detectors Proceedings Article

In: SPIE Medical Imaging, pp. 115952A, International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2021.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: CBCT, High-Fidelity Modeling, Scatter Estimation, Spectral X-ray/CT

2020

Liu, Stephen; Cao, Qian; Tivnan, Matt; Tilley, Steven; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H.; Stayman, J. Webster; Zbijewski, Wojciech

Model-based dual-energy tomographic image reconstruction of objects containing known metal components Journal Article

In: Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol. 65, no. 24, pp. 245046, 2020.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Artifact Correction, Known Components, MBIR, Metal Artifacts, Spectral X-ray/CT

Tivnan, Matt; Wang, Wenying; Stayman, J. Webster

A Preconditioned Algorithm for Model-Based Iterative CT Reconstruction and Material Decomposition from Spectral CT Data Journal Article

In: arXiv preprint , vol. arXiv:2010.01371, 2020.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: MBIR, Spectral X-ray/CT

Ma, Yiqun; Wang, Wenying; Tivnan, Matt; Li, Junyuan; Lu, Minghui; Zhang, Jin; Star-Lack, Josh; Colbeth, Richard; Zbijewski, Wojciech; Stayman, J. Webster

High-Resolution Model-based Material Decomposition for Multi-Layer Flat-Panel Detectors Proceedings Article

In: International Conference on Image Formation in X-Ray Computed Tomography, 2020.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: CBCT, High-Fidelity Modeling, High-Resolution CT, MBIR, Spectral X-ray/CT

Stayman, J. Webster; Tivnan, Matt; Gang, Grace; Wang, Wenying; Shapira, Nadav; Noël, Peter

Grating-based Spectral CT using Small Angle X-ray Beam Deflections Proceedings Article

In: International Conference on Image Formation in X-Ray Computed Tomography, 2020.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Spectral X-ray/CT, System Design

Tivnan, Matt; Wang, Wenying; Stayman, J. Webster

Multi-Contrast CT Imaging with a Prototype Spatial-Spectral Filter Proceedings Article

In: International Conference on Image Formation in X-Ray Computed Tomography, 2020.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: MBIR, Spectral X-ray/CT, System Design

Liu, Stephen; Cao, Qian; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H.; Stayman, J. Webster; Zbijewski, Wojciech

Three-material dual energy decomposition using a constrained model-based algorithm Proceedings Article

In: The Sixth International Conference on Image Formation in X-Ray Computed Tomography, 2020.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: High-Fidelity Modeling, MBIR, Spectral X-ray/CT

Tivnan, Matt; Wang, Wenying; Gang, Grace; Liapi, Eleni; Noël, Peter; Stayman, J. Webster

Combining spectral CT acquisition methods for high-sensitivity material decomposition Proceedings Article

In: SPIE Medical Imaging, pp. 1131218, International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2020.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Analysis, MBIR, Spectral X-ray/CT

Wang, Wenying; Tivnan, Matt; Gang, Grace; Stayman, J. Webster

Prospective prediction and control of image properties in model-based material decomposition for spectral CT Proceedings Article

In: SPIE Medical Imaging, pp. 113121Z, International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2020.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Analysis, MBIR, Regularization Design, Spectral X-ray/CT

Wang, Wenying; Tivnan, Matt; Gang, Grace; Ma, Yiqun; Lu, Minghui; Star-Lack, Josh; Colbeth, Richard; Zbijewski, Wojciech; Stayman, J. Webster

Model-based Material Decomposition with System Blur Modeling Honorable Mention Proceedings Article

In: SPIE Medical Imaging, pp. 113123Q, International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2020, (1st Place Poster Award ).

Links | BibTeX | Tags: -Awards-, CBCT, High-Resolution CT, MBIR, Spectral X-ray/CT

2019

Wang, Wenying; Tivnan, Matt; Gang, Grace; Tilley, Steven; Stayman, J. Webster

Generalized Local Impulse Response Prediction in Model-Based Material Decomposition of Spectral CT Honorable Mention Presentation

AAPM Annual Meeting: Young Investigator Symposium, 14.07.2019, (Young Investigator's Award Finalist ).

Links | BibTeX | Tags: -Awards-, Analysis, High-Fidelity Modeling, Regularization Design, Spectral X-ray/CT

Tivnan, Matt; Wang, Wenying; Tilley, Steven; Stayman, J. Webster

Designing Spatial-Spectral Filters for Spectral CT Best Paper Presentation

AAPM Annual Meeting: Best-in-Physics Award, 14.07.2019, (AAPM Best-in-Physics Award).

Links | BibTeX | Tags: -Awards-, Spectral X-ray/CT, System Design

Liu, Stephen; Tilley, Steven; Cao, Qian; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H.; Stayman, J. Webster; Zbijewski, Wojciech

Known-component model-based material decomposition for dual energy imaging of bone compositions in the presence of metal implant Proceedings Article

In: International Meeting on Fully Three-Dimensional Image Reconstruction, Proc. SPIE , pp. 1107213, 2019.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Extremities, Known Components, MBIR, Metal Artifacts, Spectral X-ray/CT

Tivnan, Matt; Wang, Wenying; Tilley, Steven; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H.; Stayman, J. Webster

Optimized spatial-spectral CT for multi-material decomposition Proceedings Article

In: 15th International Meeting on Fully Three-Dimensional Image Reconstruction, Proc. SPIE , pp. 1107211, 2019.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Sparse Sampling, Spectral X-ray/CT, System Design

Wang, Wenying; Tilley, Steven; Tivnan, Matt; Stayman, J. Webster

Local response prediction in model-based CT material decomposition Proceedings Article

In: pp. 110720Z, 2019.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Analysis, MBIR, Spectral X-ray/CT, System Assessment

Tivnan, Matt; Tilley, Steven; Stayman, J. Webster

Physical modeling and performance of spatial-spectral filters for CT material decomposition Proceedings Article

In: Proc. SPIE Medical Imaging, pp. 109481A-1-6, 2019.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: High-Fidelity Modeling, MBIR, Sparse Sampling, Spectral X-ray/CT, System Design

Tilley, Steven; Zbijewski, Wojciech; Stayman, J. Webster

Model-based material decomposition with a penalized nonlinear least-squares CT reconstruction algorithm Journal Article

In: Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 035005–1-14, 2019.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: High-Fidelity Modeling, MBIR, Spectral X-ray/CT

2018

Stayman, J. Webster; Tilley, Steven

Model-based multi-material decomposition using spatial-spectral filters Proceedings Article

In: International Conference on Image Formation in X-Ray Computed Tomography, pp. 102-105, 2018.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: High-Fidelity Modeling, Sparse Sampling, Spectral X-ray/CT, System Design

Tilley, Steven; Zbijewski, Wojciech; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H.; Stayman, J. Webster

A general reconstruction algorithm for model-based material decomposition Proceedings Article

In: Proc. SPIE Medical Imaging, pp. 1015731E-1-7, 2018, (Errata: The Huber penalty delta was 10^-3, not 10^3.).

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Sparse Sampling, Spectral X-ray/CT

2015

Zbijewski, Wojciech; Cao, Qian; Tilley, Steven; Sisniega, Alejandro; Stayman, J. Webster; Yorkston, John; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H.

Quantitative Assessment Of Bone And Joint Health On A Dedicated Extremities Cone-Beam CT System. Journal Article

In: International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery, vol. 10, no. Suppl 1, pp. S29–S31, 2015, ISSN: 1861-6429.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: CBCT, Extremities, Spectral X-ray/CT

Sisniega, Alejandro; Zbijewski, Wojciech; Stayman, J. Webster; Xu, Jennifer; Taguchi, Katsuyuki; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H.

Spectral CT of the extremities with a silicon strip photon counting detector Proceedings Article

In: Hoeschen, Christoph; Kontos, Despina; Flohr, Thomas G. (Ed.): SPIE Medical Imaging, pp. 94120Z, International Society for Optics and Photonics 2015.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Extremities, MBIR, Photon Counting, Spectral X-ray/CT, System Design

Zbijewski, Wojciech; Sisniega, Alejandro; Stayman, J. Webster; Thawait, Gaurav K.; Packard, Nathan; Yorkston, John; Demehri, Shadpour; Fritz, Jan; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H.

Dual-energy imaging of bone marrow edema on a dedicated multi-source cone-beam CT system for the extremities Proceedings Article

In: Hoeschen, Christoph; Kontos, Despina; Flohr, Thomas G. (Ed.): SPIE Medical Imaging, pp. 94120V, International Society for Optics and Photonics 2015.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: CBCT, Extremities, Spectral X-ray/CT

2014

Zbijewski, Wojciech; Gang, Grace; Xu, Jennifer; Wang, Adam S.; Stayman, J. Webster; Taguchi, Katsuyuki; Carrino, John A.; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H.

Dual-energy cone-beam CT with a flat-panel detector: effect of reconstruction algorithm on material classification. Journal Article

In: Medical physics, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 021908, 2014, ISSN: 0094-2405.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CBCT, MBIR, Spectral X-ray/CT

2013

Zbijewski, Wojciech; Gang, Grace; Wang, Adam S.; Stayman, J. Webster; Taguchi, Katsuyuki; Carrino, John A.; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H.

Noise reduction in material decomposition for low-dose dual-energy cone-beam CT Proceedings Article

In: Nishikawa, Robert M.; Whiting, Bruce R. (Ed.): SPIE Medical Imaging, pp. 866819, International Society for Optics and Photonics 2013.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: CBCT, MBIR, Spectral X-ray/CT

2012

Gang, Grace; Zbijewski, Wojciech; Stayman, J. Webster; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H.

Cascaded systems analysis of noise and detectability in dual-energy cone-beam CT. Journal Article

In: Medical physics, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 5145–56, 2012, ISSN: 0094-2405.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Analysis, Spectral X-ray/CT, Task-Driven Imaging

Gang, Grace; Zbijewski, Wojciech; Stayman, J. Webster; Carrino, John A.; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H.

Theoretical framework for the dual-energy cone-beam CT noise-power spectrum NEQ and tasked-based detectability index Proceedings Article

In: Pelc, Norbert J.; Nishikawa, Robert M.; Whiting, Bruce R. (Ed.): SPIE Medical Imaging, pp. 83131J, International Society for Optics and Photonics 2012.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Analysis, CBCT, Spectral X-ray/CT, Task-Driven Imaging

Zbijewski, Wojciech; Stayman, J. Webster; Muhit, Abdullah Al; Yorkston, John; Carrino, John A.; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H.

CT Reconstruction Using Spectral and Morphological Prior Knowledge: Application to Imaging the Prosthetic Knee Proceedings Article

In: Second Int. Conf. Image Form. X-ray Computed Tomography, pp. 434–438, 2012.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Artifact Correction, Beam Hardening, Extremities, Known Components, MBIR, Metal Artifacts, Spectral X-ray/CT